2018年考研英语长难句真题解析

长难句作为考研英语的一大难点，需要同学们重点学习。本文是百分网小编搜索整理的关于2018年考研英语长难句真题解析，供参考复习。
　　
　　1.Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are admired by others.(2003 完形)
　　
　　这是一个复杂句，主句是teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence, that引导的宾语从句修饰confidence。句首是由because引导的原因状语从句。
　　
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　　因为总是要适应新的身体状况和智力和情感方面的诸多新挑战。青少年自我意识特别强，他们需要成功的信心，看到自己的成就他们就需得到他人的赞扬。
　　
　　2.However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, displaying student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs.(2003 完形)
　　
　　句首的however表示转折，主干句的核心结构为so…that, 定语从句in which there are more winners than losers修饰activities, 三个动名词结构作activities的同位语对其解释说明，介词结构with many student-written book reviews作newsletters 的定语。
　　
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　　然而，典型的青少年生活中已经充满了竞争，因此策划一些胜者多败者少的活动是很明智的。例如，出版有很多学生撰写的书评通讯，展示学生的艺术作品，组织读书研讨俱乐部等。
　　
　　3. A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants down.(2003 完形)
　　
　　本句的主干部分是a variety of activities should be organized, 后接一个so that引导的目的状语从句，然后接一个as long as引导的条件状语从句，两个介词短语结构without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants down做go on 的状语。
　　
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　　所以应当组织各种各样的活动，以便让参加者保持活跃，然后转而参与别的活动，而不会感到内疚，也不会让其他参与者失望。
　　
　　4. On the contrary, they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by planning for roles that are within their capability and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.(2003 完形)
　　
　　这是一个简单句，句首用on the contrary引出转折，句子的主句是they can help students acquire a sense of commitment, by planning for roles 做acquire 的状语，commitment后面接that引导的宾语从句.
　　
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　　相反，成年人通过对青少年能力和注意力所及活动的策划以及通过对游戏规则的清晰阐述，帮助学生获得一种参与感。
　　
　　5. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information.(2003 Text1)
　　
　　本句的主干是the American spymaster was fascinated with information, who 引导的定语从句用来修饰the American spymaster, 在此定语从句中有两个并列的谓语built 和laid。
　　
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　　这位美国间谍大师对情报非常着迷，他曾经在第二次世界大战时建立了战略事务办公室，为后来中央情报局的成立打下了基础。
　　
　　6. These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.(2003 Text1)
　　
　　本句的主句是these days the Net is reshaping Donovan’s vocation, which引导的非限定性定语从句修饰the Net, 其中such…as…为固定用法。
　　
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　　如今，互联网已经改变了买书和寄信这样的日常娱乐活动，也正在改变多诺文曾经从事的职业。
　　
　　7.The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.(2003 Text1)
　　
　　本句的主干部分是the winner was a tiny Virginia company，called Open Source Solutions做company的定语，定语从句whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world用来修饰主句的the winner.
　　
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　　以绝对优势胜出的是佛吉尼亚的一家小公司，名为“公开资源的解决方案”，它的明显优势是它对电子世界的准确把握。
　　
　　8.Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas.(2003 Text1)
　　
　　9. Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster’s dream.(2003 Text1)
　　
　　10. Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong.(2003 Text1)
　　
　　11. One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.(2003 Text2)
　　
　　12.Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.(2003 Text2)
　　
　　13.Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research.(2003 Text2)
　　
　　14.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines.(2003 Text2)
　　
　　15. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip replacement, a father’s bypass operation, a baby’s vaccinations, and even a pet’s shots.(2003 Text2)
　　
　　16.To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.(2003 Text2)
　　
　　17.Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment.(2003 Text2)
　　
　　18. In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly.(2003 Text3)
　　
　　19.Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.(2003 Text3)