随着网络的发展，电子商务已经走进了我们的生活，那么有电子商务英语论文该怎么写呢?今天沪江小编就跟大家分享一下电子商务英语论文范文一篇，希望对大家有所帮助。
Recent development of information technologies has brought us new possibilities for teaching and learning classical art and humanities in several different ways. Image plays a key role here. In learning classical Japanese poetry, it is quite important to examine original books and manu******s because even the published books were printed from the wood blocks of engraved words which were written with brush by, in many cases, the authors themselves. Not only the visual art works, but also the literary materials as such pose the problem of authenticity, and this problem itself is closely linked to the interpretation of the literary works and the life history of the authors. Yosa Buson (1716-84), a poet-painter, and his followers best represent this type of artists and must be studied with both texts and images they created.
Buson was a leading haiku poet of the 18th century and, with Basho and Issa, one of the great names in haiku. He was also a distinguished BUNJINGA (literati-style) painter, and perfected haiga or cursive sketch with poems as a branch of Japanese pictorial art. Buson read classics extensively and studied different styles of Chinese and Japanese paintings. Poetry and painting affected each other in his art. His poems were, diversely enough, rich in imagery, clearly depicting fine movements and sensual appearances of things, dynamic with wider landscapes, lyrical, sensitive to human affairs, romantic with hidden stories, graceful, and longingly time-conscious. Buson completed his own style of painting in his later years when he was using the name of Sha-In. Freed from the influence of China, he created genuine Japanese landscapes.
Creation of the Site
The web site for the study of Buson and his group has thus been created at . This site has three major areas: articles on Buson, bibliographic resources on Buson, and pictorial catalogue of haiku and painting works of Buson and his group. Pages are hyper-linked within the site and some pages contain links to other related web sites. Most pages are written in both Japanese and English to attract the learners internationally. The first area contains the author's original papers and essays such as "Poetry as an open space for lightening of Being". To quote only a few paragraphs from there;
In the light of Heidegger's thinking, Buson's poems emerge as 'poems of being' more than anything else. Of course Buson lived far earlier than Heidegger, and clearly there was no direct correspondence between them. However, beyond this distance what weighs on my mind is, for example, such a Hokku poem of peony as below. This poem is usually viewed as staged on a peony garden, but I look at it as an event inside a room.
Within the quietness of a lull in visitors' absence, appears the peony flower!
(seki to ****e kyaku no taema no botan kana)
Possibly after a Haiku meeting, or it seems it could have been any person(s), the poet saw the visitor(s) off and returned to the room. He then looked at the corner, and saw the peony, which has been there for some time, as appearing again, floating in a lull, as though it were transformed to that peony as itself. While residual scents of the visitors in the room are silently disappearing, it is calm, not too light nor dark, and the peony is there lighted on its face by that surrounding air. The poet stands there, veiled in ennui, where he feels both bliss and lament, with that time perceived as a long instant. Even if it is an instant, a time of 'unworldliness' is disclosed there, as a poet himself or for a man as a Heideggerian Da-sein, to be almost continual to eternity.
Access and Evaluation
Two years after starting its creation, this site now receives more and more accesses from both Japan and abroad. In May 2000, for example, there were, in average, about 350 hits for the site per day, 45 different individual accesses to the English top page, and 17 different accesses to the Japanese top page. Some people leave notes in the guest book, and some other people prefer to send e-mails to the site author. These notes and mails are analyzed in terms of contents, interests, and gratification. Formative evaluation of the site is now conducted with college students. This site, when it is fully developed, is to be converted into a CD-ROM with upgraded still and moving images.
Abstract From the concept of the network university, we deduce its three basic infrastructures：the education center station, the high speed backbone and the user terminal network. we point out that the remote learning online at home will be the most important studying model in the future，so the HomeNet will be a necessary infrastructure platform for remote learning , in this paper we discuss the structure, the key technologies and connection media of HomeNet.
Keywords network university remote learning HomeNet
1. The Background
With the extension of internet in application area, from academies, enterprises to the government departments, the network reaches variable aspects of our society. From knowledge learning, message obtaining to e-commerce, the digital network is all proved a strong pushing strength. With network, the difference of time and space are eliminated, the exchange and communication among people, the resources sharing are becoming much more easier, based on that, more and more applications are developed, and one of which is the network university and remote learning which will be a great revolution to the traditional teaching and learning way. People can study online, exchange thoughts interactively with teachers and schoolmates through network rather than special classrooms in the campus, this will provide a chance to learn knowledge all the life for those who are in work or can’t go into colleges, perhaps the network university will be the most important model to study in a not long future.
The network university consists of three infrastructures: the education center stations which include multimedia courseware, sound and image material etc., the high speed backbone and user terminal network. Our government has made the remote learning a strategy to promote the quality of the nation, the CERNET 2.5GBPS backbone are in construction , and the education center stations have already been implemented successfully in some campuses, so the key to employing the remote learning project lies in the third part---the user terminal network.
The network brings us great flexibility to study online , no doubt , the most often place for people to learn is at home , and with the development of life standard , many families will have more than one set of computer and HDTV sets, and study is not only the thing of children , but also the need of parents , and additionally , remote medical treatment , ordering online, home automation controlling are all the future requirements in the family[1], so it is a necessary condition to digitalized the families in the information society to construct a perfect HomeNet( home terminal network) which provide all above functions , in the following sections , we will discuss the structure, the key technologies and access media of HomeNet.
The home network is a special LAN, in logical structure, they have some resemblance, but the home network has its own special features in application environment, operational functions and system physical construction. The implement of home network requires several key technologies to support as following[2]: the embodied operate system and embodied custom IC(ASIC) , API level interoperable specifications, the final use interface design and access technology.
2.1 There are various devices at home, and the difference between them is large in controlling model, computation ability and intelligent level. Most of them are less performance products except a few such as computers, thus, to enable the whole home network, the embodied OS and IC is the kernel technologies. Current prevailing embodied OS are WINDOWS CE, 3COM Palm OS, JAVA2, JAVA2 Micro Edition, Pjava, Ejava and our own embodied Hopen OS designed by KAISI Cooperation. The embodied IC includes LonWorks’ Neuron ICs and Intel’s micro controllers such as 8051 family and the like.
2.2 API is application program interface, due to the media is various in the network physical layer, in order to get the interoperability on the program interface layer, API lever interoperable specifications must be defined, it’s the foundation to develop home network application, it shields the under layer protocols, and provide a identical interface to application developer. The current APIs are Microsoft UPnP, SUN JINI, Home PNP, Home API and so on.
2.3 User interface(UI) determines the easy degree of operation, and then bring about the system’s final use recognition . To the HOMENET interface, its application environment and special use objects decide the following features[3]:
Usability: the users of home network are various people, the age’s disparity from young to old, the culture level and relative technology is different from each other, so the usability of HomeNet is very important to develop the home network market, thus the UI must provide a flexible, simple and intuitional interface to the general user collective.
Mobility: HomeNet is a heterogenous network, it consists of digital sub network, A/V sub network and control sub network. When all the electronics at home are connected by HOMENET, users should configure, control, manage and check the network performance and equipment status from different access points.
Scalability: Due to the economics, technology and market elements, the process of HOMENET construction is not an instant procedure, but is a accumulating one, so the topology structure must facilitate the system upgrade and maintenance, and the UI should provide the proper interface to the new plugged equipment.
2.4 Access section is the connection between internet and HomeNet, access technology can be divided into two types: wire and wireless ways, the wire way includes Modem, HFC/Cable Modem, FFTH and xDSL technologies, the wireless way includes WAP, LDMS and so on. Traditional Modem technology has low transmission rate, with the home network wide spreads, the access technology will transfer to Cable Modem and xDSL technology, and in the end, the FTTH and WAP technology will be the prefer selection.
3. HomeNet Logical Layer Architecture
Figure1 shows the HOMENET logical architecture, the whole system consists of five layers: physical media layer, protocol layer, API layer, APP layer (application program) and UI (user interface) layer. The specifications of the underlying two layers has been distributed and used in practices.
Figure 1 HomeNet architecture
The API layer is the key of HomeNet , the technologies of it is the hot issue of home network development, the Home API and Jini specifications distributed in 1999. The fourth layer APP is a set of applications over the third. The fifth layer is UI, it is a set of various interface tools, it is not limited to PC, but also includes emergent buttons, help switches, remote controlling devices and other visual interfaces.
The HomeNet protocols can be divided into three types: under layer protocols ( media ,protocol layers), API protocols and UI specifications. In UI layer, without proper distributed specifications, with the market enlarging and the increment of user requirement, it is necessary to standardize the UI design. From the view of zone, the HomeNet specifications are distributed by America, Europe and Japan, such as Japan’s HBS, Europe’s BatiBUS, Europe Home System and EIB, America’s X10, CEBus and lonWorks. Addition, some work group also distributed specifications such as HAVI’s IEEE 1394, Bluetooth, HPNP, Home API and Jini[4][5].
4. The Connect Scenarios and Media
There are several communication media at home as following: TP (twisted pair), TL (telephone line), xDSL, Cable Modem, FB (fiber), PL (power line) and wireless trsmission (IEEE802.11, HomeRF, Bluetooth). TP, TL and PL are current prevailing media in HomeNet, FB, xDSL, Cable Modem and wireless media will dominate in the future.
The implement of connection scenarios are relative closely to the communication media . The two rules must be observed in HOMENET construction, the first is the usability and the another is the reasonable cost. Due to HOMENET’S various functions and each family’s affording ability, the connection scenarios will also be various. In the following sections, we discuss ether and fast ether network, home TL network, PL network and wireless network.
Ether and fast ether network: ether network is often used in practice , simplicity and reliability is its advantage, and the cost is lower than other scenarios. The compatibility of it makes it convenient to upgrade from 10mpbs to 100mpbs and 1000mpbs ether network, and it benefits users from protecting the original investigates, so this is a preferred scenario in constructing HomeNet.
TL HomeNet: Home TL technology makes it possible to build a high speed network at home by use already existing telephone lines. The 10mpbs TL specification has been distributed in HomePNA 2.0, a digital product can be easily linked to the network by a interface module which connects the telephone line plug and the product. Addition, the xDSL technology extends the PL communication band, and makes the TL HOMENET can afford the multimedia applications.
PL network: this scenario interconnects the home digital devices by ubiquitous power lines, its biggest advantage is that most of the electronic products have been linked to PLs. Although the old PL network (X-10) have difficulties to carry high speed data information, the new technology has implemented high speed data transmission.
Wireless network: the advantages of it over wire network lie in flexibility, mobility and easy constructing. The technology maturity of the wireless network has been proved in the applications of restaurant communication and stock exchange information transmission, but the defect is its high cost in construction and the narrow communication band. With the appearing of new technologies, the wireless network will dominate the HomeNet market in the future due to its above tributes.
5. The End
There are still a lot things to do to spread the home network currently: first of all is the development of embodied OS and IC, then without the interoperable specifications the different devices can not communicate each other directly, and the integration of HomeNet becomes complicated due to much more protocols in the under lays, so much efforts should be taken to implement the dream of remote learning online, ordering online and so on through the HomeNet.
References
[1] MAURY WRIGHT: "Home-automation Networks mature while the PC industry chases a new home LAN", EDN JUNE 4,1998.
[2] Zhong xichang, Home digital devices PC WORLD CHINA , JAN 3, 2000 NO.1
[3] Cao jiuxin ect., The Technology and Design Strategy of HomeNet User Interface MINI-MICRO SYSTEM, 2000
[4] Home Automation Network Standards and Specs – Alliances and Working Groups .
[5] Kenneth P.Wacs, PH.D. Introduction to the CEBUS? communications protocol. HTINews Articles 1999
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随着网络的发展，电子商务已经走进了我们的生活，那么有电子商务英语都有哪些题型呢?今天沪江小编就跟大家分享一下电子商务英语试卷供大家参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
一、词汇和语法(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)
根据句子的意思选择一个正确的答案，并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。
1. Tom has lived in London and Manchester, but he doesn’t like ______ city very much.
A. either B. both
C. neither D. every
2. It is proved that this substance reacts ______ as fast as the other one.
A. one-tenths B. first-ten
C. one-ten D. one-tenth
3. ______ were naturally a musical family, all of whom were excellent pianists.
A. A Shaw B. The Shaws
C. The Shaw D. Shaws
4. Nothing can ______ being unkind to small children.
A. adjust B. reason
C. justify D. reassure
5. English ______ all over the world as a universal language.
A. is teaching B. is taught
C. teaches D. teaching
6. A new type of computer is going to ______ next year.
A. turn out B. be turned out
C. have turned out D. turned out
7. They are ______ a mass production movement to meet so many foreign orders.
A. firing B. launching
C. introducing D. presenting
8. When we got to the theatre, the play hadn’t started yet, so we ______.
A. needn’t hurry B. didn’t need to hurry
C. needn’t to hurry D. needn’t have hurried
9. You have never met each other before, ______?
A. have you B. haven’t you
C. do you D. don’t you
10. Frequent cultural exchanges will certainly help ______ friendly relation between our two universities.
A. feed B. support
C. foster D. tend
11. We wouldn’t lose courage even if we ______ again.
A. were to fail B. would fail
C. fail D. have failed
12. It is most important that one of the brakes on your bicycle ______ properly.
A. will work B. has worked
C. works D. work
13. These factories are ______ to the foreign trade company.
A. subsidiary B. coordinate
C. substantial D. substantive
14. Let’s sing together, ______ ?
A. will you B. shall we
C. won’t you D. shan’t we
15. If you don’t pay your bill, they will ______ your gas.
A. send B. frustrate
C. discourage D. disconnect
16. All of my efforts to ______ peace failed at last.
A. reserve B. conserve
C. persist D. preserve
17. The laws to be made have to ______ to various special interest groups.
A. lead B. cater
C. satisfy D. serve
18. Four weeks ______ for making the necessary preparations.
A. has allowed B. allowed
C. were allowed D. was allowed
19. ______ in my present work, I would be quite willing to do what you ask me to.
A. Were I not engaged B. I were not engaged
C. Engaged I were not D. Were not I engaged
20. It’s ______ on you to advise your students before they leave school.
A. obliged B. incumbent
C. satisfactory D. specific
二、完形填空(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)
从选项中选择一个最适合短文的选项，并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。
One project to overcome the limitations of the 21 search engines is the EuroSearch project. EuroSearch is a 22 of national search engines which gives much better results and is more
23 to the challenges of the multilingual and multicultural global Internet. The 24 members are national search engines from Italy, Spain and Switzerland. The multilingual approach allows a 25 to be entered in the preferred language of the researcher and the search engine takes care of the search on the search engines in the 26 languages.
Every national site that is part of the federation remains in the country of 27 and is maintained by a native speaker who will 28 that the search works in their own language. At the same time, the EuroSearch framework tries to remain 29 to other countries and services who would like to become part of the 30 .
21. A. living B. existing C. popular D. various
22. A. federal B. federation C. alliance D. union
23. A. ready B. restricted C. reactive D. suited
24. A. current B. founding C. powerful D. majority
25. A. inquiry B. investigation C. query D. trouble
26. A. different B. other C. another D. mutual
27. A. origin B. membership C. peace D. development
28. A. protect B. maintain C. ensure D. emphasize
29. A. open B. secret C. promising D. neutral
30. A. original B. power C. initiative D. organization
三、 阅读理解(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)
阅读下面的短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案填空或答题，并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。
Passage 1
Computer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become “computer-literate.” But not all experts (专家) agree that this is a good idea.
One pioneer, in particular, who disagrees is David Tebbutt, the founder of Computertown UK. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer, David does not see it that way. He says that Computertown UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to people and make them “people-lit-erate.”
David Tebbutt thinks Computertowns are most successful when tied to a computer club but he insists there is an important difference between the two. The clubs are for people who have some computer knowledge already. This frightens away non-experts, who are happier going to Computertowns where there are computers for them to experiment on, with experts to encourage them and answer any questions they have. They are not told what to do. They find out the computer experts have to learn not to tell people about computers, but have to be able to answer all questions people ask. People don’t have to learn computer terms, but the experts have to explain in plain language. The computers are becoming “people-literate.”
31. Which of the following is David Tebbutt’s idea on the relationship between people and computers?
A. Computer learning should be made easier.
B. There should be more computer clubs for experts.
C. People should work harder to master computer use.
D. Computers should be made cheaper so the people can afford them.
32. We can infer from the text that “computer-literate” means ______.
A. being able to afford a computer
B. being able to write computer programs
C. working with the computer and finding out its value
D. understanding the computer and knowing how to use it
33. The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to the idea that Computertowns ______.
A. help to set up more computer clubs
B. bring people to learn to use computers
C. bring more experts to work together
D. help to sell computers to the public
34. David Tebbutt started Computertown UK with the purpose of ______.
A. making better use of computer experts
B. improving computer programs
C. increasing computer sales
D. popularizing computers
35. The passage is mainly about the idea of ______.
A. people’s becoming “computer-literate”
B. computers’ becoming “people-literate”
C. people’s IT learning in a club
D. computers’ explaining in plain language
Passage 2
The digital revolution, as exemplified by the Internet and electronic commerce, has shaken marketing practices to their core. In a recent paper, Wharton’s Jerry Wind, director of the SEI Center for Advanced Studies in Management, and co-author Vijay Mahajan, a marketing professor at the College of Business Administration of the University of Texas at Austin, examine the impact of digital marketing on concepts like pricing, when customers can propose their own prices (pricelin.com), or buyers and sellers can haggle independently in auctions (e-Bay.com).
The paper provides an overview of some of the emerging realties and new rules of marketing in a digital world, and outlines what the new discipline of marketing may look like in the early part of the new century.
To begin with, say the authors, the rapid-fire growth of the Internet is helping to drive changes. “It is not just our computers that are being reprogrammed; it is customers themselves,” says Wind. “These emerging cyber consumers are like an alien race that have landed in the mist of our markets. They have different expectations and different relationships with companies from which they purchase products and services.”
For one thing, cyber consumers expect to be able to customize everything — from the products and services they buy and the information they seek, to the price they are willing to pay. And with digital technology opening new channels for gaining information, they are more knowledgeable and demanding than previous consumers.
Digital customers can also sort products based on any desired attribute, price, nutritional value, or functionality, and they can easily obtain third-party endorsements and evaluations, tapping the experience of other users. “Companies that cannot meet their demands and expectations will be at a loss,” says Wind.
36. The passage was most likely to be taken from ______.
A. an overview of a paper
B. an introduction to a book
C. a book on digital revolution
D. a paper discussing digital revolution
37. The paper mentioned in this passage was written by ______.
A. Jerry Wind
B. Vijay Mahajan
C. Jerry Wind and Vijay Mahajan
D. an anonymous
38. From the third paragraph, we can infer that ______.
A. the customers are also reprogrammed by computers
B. e-business companies need be more knowledgeable about cyber consumers
C. cyber consumers are a group of strange people
D. cyber consumers come from outer space
39. Compared with traditional customers, the emerging cyber consumers ______.
A. are more difficult to satisfy
B. have less knowledge about business
C. have more problems with prices
D. are less willing to buy products and services
40. In the last paragraph, what Wind said means ______.
A. digital consumers’ decision to buy depends largely on others’ evaluation
B. it will be more and more difficult for companies to earn profit in e-business
C. most of the companies in e-business are at a loss
D. companies should try their best to meet the digital consumers’ demands and expectations
非选择题部分
注意事项：
用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
四、单词汉译英(本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)
根据给出的汉语词义和规定的词类写出相应的英语单词。每词的第一个字母已给出。
41. 产生;发生 v. g______
42. 合同;契约 n. c______
43. 立法;法规 n. l______
44. 行政官;行政人员 n. e______
45. 分配;分发;分布 v. d______
46. 扣除;减除 v. d______
47. 同义词 n. s______
48. 分类;归类 v. c______
49. 偶然的;随便的 adj. c______
50. 基本上，根本上 adv. b______
51. 无效果的 adj. i______
52. 产生;屈服;让步 v. y______
53. 车辆;媒介 n. v______
54. 趋势，倾向 n. t______
55. 使合乎规格，使标准化 v. s______
五、单词英译汉 (本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)
给出下列单词或术语的汉语意思。
56. URL
57. cataloger
58. data collection
59. information retrieval
60. text documents
61. eProcurement
62. buying leverage
63. “Return” and “New” customer paths
64. site traffic
65. purchase attempts
66. shipping method
67. interactive TV
68. cost-effective and efficient
69. maximum value
70. automotive industry
六、英译汉 (本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)
阅读下面的短文，然后把划线的句子翻译成汉语。
How well is your Web site meeting demand? The question may be more difficult to answer than you think. After all, sophisticated Web monitoring software can measure a sudden spike in traffic, but I won’t correlate that spike with your company’s seasonal marketing efforts. (71) Business intelligence (智能) software unifies data from a wide array of functional areas and departments to provide a holistic (完整的) understanding of the business. The result: Managers can predict future spikes in traffic based on the relative size of marketing campaigns.
The first thing to do is capture information about your Web site operations and visitors. Start with the data in your Web log file. Here you will find valuable information about Web traffic patterns, such as peak traffic times and the most accessed pages on your Web site. (72) You’ll also be able to learn what people search for once they get to your site, as well as the time it takes to find it. Don’t overlook the value of information such as the type of browser and operating system used by your site visitors —— these can affect how you choose to present your site.
(73) Once you have this data gathered, business intelligence applications let you analyze the information to help you optimize (最佳化) your Web site. The application unifies data from various sources to help you effectively mine information and understand your customers’ Web behavior.
Most important, you are able to compare information in your Web logs against information from internal and external sources. (74) Track Web hits or transactions against fluctuations (波动) in your offline (线下) sales channels, for example, or see what happens to order volumes at the beginning of a fiscal quarter (会计季度) when many departments have new budgets (预算) to work with.
Business intelligence software can be a powerful ally as you seek to keep hard-won customers in the fold. Knowing your customers and understanding how they interact with your Web site is a powerful tool for optimization. (75) You can glean (收集) trends during peak traffic periods that result in server overloads (超载), or identify search criteria that consistently fail to deliver anticipated (预期的) content.
七、汉译英 (本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)
用括号内给出的词，把下列汉语句子翻译成英语。
76. 约翰创造了新的世界纪录。(set up)
77. 我有时感到区分英语和法语很困难。(distinguish from)
78. 新技术对公司的发展有重要的影响。(have an effect on)
79. 多家工厂声称他们需要有经验的工人。(experienced)
80. 他的这篇报告写得很好，只是有几个小问题。(except for)
综上所述，对于【商务英语】的相关介绍就说到这里了，留学是一件需要您经过深思熟虑之后才做出的选择，因此需要您对自己的疑问都会有全方面的思考，让你更加知道自己需要做出什么样的决定才是最正确的，更多内容请随时关注我们后续的介绍。
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