新GRE填空练习变化类/综合类答案解析
1. Thomas Jefferson called The Federalist papers "the best commentaries on the principles of government ever written," and two centuries later they still stand as the most ________ statements of American political philosophy. ?
(A) derivative ?
(B) abstruse ?
(C) impressive ?
(D) ambiguous ?
(E) underrated ?
答案：C
解析： 顺承关系/时间变化关系。Still表明仍然延续过去的评价。
翻译：杰斐逊把联邦法案称为“关于政府原则的迄今最好的论述”，并且两个世纪之后，联邦法案仍然是关于美国政治哲学的最(印象深刻)的成就。
2. The most crucial issue for wildlife in this arid land is unimpeded ________ water. ?
(A) passage through ?
(B) freedom from ?
(C) access to ?
(D) saturation in ?
(E) overflow of ?
答案：C
解析：该题没有明显线索，完全依靠句义理解。
翻译：干旱陆地的野生动物的最关键的问题是能够不受妨碍地(获得)水。
3. Freeing embedded fossils from rock has become less______ for paleontologists, who now have tiny vibrating drills capable of working with great speed and delicacy.
A. exploratory
B. conclusive
C. tedious
D. respected
E. demeaning
答案：C
解析：时间反义，过去现在不一样
A. 挖掘的
B. 结论性的
C. 繁重冗长的
D. 尊敬的
E. 贬低的
翻译：从岩石中取出镶嵌的化石对于古生物学家已经不那样(繁重), 现在他们有非常细
小的震动电钻,能够提高工作的速度与精确度.
4. With its large circulation, Essence magazine has enjoyed ______， only recently challenged by new publications aggressively seeking female African American readers.
A. an aggregation
B. an inclination
C. a prognosis
D. a retrenchment
E. a preeminence
答案：E
解析：时间反义,曾经过去A，只有最近B
A. 聚集，总合
B. 斜坡，爱好
C. 预测，预示
D. 削减
E. 卓越;杰出
翻译：拥有大量的发行量, “要素”杂志曾经享有(杰出的地位)，仅仅最近被新出版物所挑战,这些出版物激烈的寻找美国黑人女读者.
5. Like many other groups of people in the United States who have needed laws to ______equal rights, Americans with disabilities have had to ______ legislation addressing their concerns.
答案：A F
解析：类比结构
A 保证
B 排除，阻止
C 使迷惑
D与某人竞争
E 制订
F 游说
翻译：就像其他美国人群需要法律保证平等的权利一样，残疾美国人不得不通过游说说服当权者批准处理他们想法的法律。
6. Just as glass windows offer building both light and insulation, certain atmospheric gases ______ incoming sunlight and ______ heat radiated from the ground, preventing warmth from escaping.
答案：B F
解析：类比结构;顺承结构
A使偏斜
B允许
C 抵制
D 释放
E 分发
F 控制
翻译：就像玻璃墙提供给建筑物阳光和隔离一样,一种特定的大气层气体可以(允许)阳光的射入而且可以(控制)从地面反射的热，从而阻止热扩散出去。
7. No longer considered ______, the belief that all of Puerto Rico's indigenous Taino people perished centuries ago appears to be a ______ now that modern Taino descendants have come forward.
答案：BE
解析：时间反义
A 神话的
B 可靠的
C 错误的
D 现实
E 误解
F 可能性
翻译：波多黎各所有土生土长的Taino人已经在几个世纪前灭绝了的理论已经不再(站得住脚)，而成为了一个(误解)，因为现在Taino人的后代又出现了。
8. In many cases, the formerly______ origins of diseases have now been identified through modern scientific techniques.
A. insightful
B. mysterious
C. cruel
D. notable
E. useful
答案：B
解析：时间反义
A 有洞察力的
B 神秘的
C 治疗的
D 能看到的
E 可用的
翻译：在很多事例中，早前来源不明的疾病现在已经通过现代科学技术明确身份。
9. Unprecedented turmoil in the usually thriving nation has made the formerly______ investors leery of any further involvement.
A. pessimistic
B. cautious
C. clandestine
D. reticent
E. sanguine
答案：E
解析：变化类，make A (into) B
A 悲观的
B 小心的
C 神秘的
D沉默的
E 乐观的
翻译：在这个通常是繁荣国家的史无先例的混乱已经把早先(乐观的)投资者变成对进一步的投资很谨慎的人。
10. Initially only the carpeting outside the restroom was ______ by water from the burst pipe; eventually the entire hallway flooded.
A. diverted
B. confined
C. scuttled
D. cleansed
E. drenched
答案：E
解析：时间变化
A 转向
B 限制
C 疾走，船沉没
D 清洗
E 湿透
翻译：最开始只是休息室外面的地毯被从爆裂的水管中的水湿透了;但是最后整个走廊都发洪水了。
11. For a long time, most doctors maintained that taking massive dose of vitamins was relatively harmless; now, however, some are warning that excessive dosages can be ______.
A. healthy
B. expensive
C. wasteful
D. toxic
E. inane
答案：D
解析：时间变化
A 健康的
B 贵的
C 浪费的
D 有毒的
E 空洞的
翻译：很久以来，大部分医生都认为服用大量的维生素相对来说没有害处;但是现在有些人警告说过大的剂量是(有毒的)。
12. Marine biologist Sylvia Earle makes a career of expanding the limits of deep-sea mobility, making hitherto-impossible tasks______ through the new technology designed by her company.
A. sharp
B. feasible
C. fantastic
D. controversial
E. captivating
答案：B
解析：变化hitherto
A. 尖锐的
B. 可行的
C. 难以相信的
D. 有争议的
E. 迷住了的
翻译：海洋生物学家Sylvia Earle致力拓展深海移动性的工作, 通过她的公司设计的新科技她使得至今为止不可能的任务(成为可能).
13. The existence of environmental contamination is no longer a point of ______: government, industry, and the public agree that it is a serious problem.
A. concern
B. cooperation
D. urgency
D. relevance
E. dispute
答案：E
解析：no longer时间反义
A 考虑
B 合作
C 紧急
D 相关
E 争论
翻译：环境污染的存在不再是一个(争议)的问题;政府，工业和公众都同意这是一个严重的问题。
14. The quotation was erroneously ________ to a British poet. ?
(A) resolved ?
(B) attributed ?
(C) activated ?
(D) relegated ?
(E) vitiated ?
答案：B
解析：该题只能勉强算作修饰主干类。空格是谓语动词，只能由搭配习惯推测。
翻译：该引言被错误地(归属于)一位英国诗人。
15. Farming had been profitable on the Great Plains for many decades, but by 1938 ______ agricultural practices and years of inadequate precipitation had ______ the land.
答案：C E
解析：时间反义;and 并列
A 认真的
B敏捷的
C不谨慎的
D 持续
E 剥去
F 施肥
翻译：在大平原地区的农业曾经很多年来非常赚钱，但是到1938年，(不谨慎的)农业政策和不充足的降雨(使土地贫瘠)了。
16. Bankruptcy will not onlyundermine customer confidence , but also ______ the prospects of ongoing negotiations to absorb more investment.
A embody
B admonish
C brighten
D dent
E evoke
答案： D
解析： not only A, but also B 句式
A embody 体现
B admonish 警告
C brighten 擦亮
D dent 削弱
E evoke 唤醒
翻译： 破产不仅破坏消费者的信心，而且(削弱)正在进行的吸收更多投资的谈判。
17. Failure would be catastrophic because it challenges the efficacy of the rule of law as " an instrument of redemption . "
A anachronistic
B catastrophic
C quixotic
D polemical
E spectacular
答案： B
解析： 利用因果关系解题A because B
A anachronistic 时代错误的
B catastrophic 灾难性的
C quixotic 不切实际的
D polemical 争论性的
E spectacular 神奇的
翻译： 失败将是灾难性的，因为它挑战了法制作为救赎的工具的效力。
18. Anthracis not only secretes toxins that irreversibly damage immune system cells but also coats itself with molecules known as poly-gamma-D-glutamic acid to form a protective capsule and as it spreads .
A stimulate growth
B avoid detection
C enhance productivity
D seek opportunity
E stay hibernation
答案：B
解析：该句包含一个not only A but also B结构，但更直接成为解题线索的是and 顺承关系，与空格顺承动作为 form a protective capsule。
A stimulate growth 刺激生长
B avoid detection 避免被发觉
C enhance productivity 提高生产力
D seek opportunity 寻求机会
E stay hibernation 保持休眠
翻译：A物质不仅分泌毒素，这种毒素会不可逆转地伤害免疫系统细胞，而且A物质会把自己包裹在被称为PGDG酸的分子里面，从而形成一个保护囊，并且在其扩散时不被发现。
19. The researchers found that not only did vortex rings alert fish to the trail of another swimmer , but the orientation of the ring generated a specific pattern of in the fish 's sensory system .
A stagnation
B luminance
C composure
D excitation
E spontaneity
答案：D
解析： not only A，but B 结构 A为alert fish B 为 generated a pattern of 空格。
A stagnation 停滞
B luminance 发光
C composure 镇静
D excitation 兴奋
E spontaneity 自发
翻译：研究者发现，旋流不仅把鱼吸引到另外的泳者的轨道，而且旋流的方向在鱼的知觉系统中制造了特定的兴奋模式。
20. The scheme in its spirit is not merely unmanly , but (i) , and shocks , by the meanness of its cowardice ,not only the (ii) , but the civilization of the age .
答案：B D
解析： not only A, but also B 结构的两个变体：一个是not merely A, but B 结构 1空与 unmanly 是同义关系。一个是not only A, but B结构。2空与the civilization of the age 是同义关系。
A scrupulous谨慎的 D chivalry 骑士风度，高贵情操
B skulking 鬼鬼祟祟的 E pathology 病理学
C providential 吉祥的 F cynicism 犬儒主义
翻译：该计划在精神上不仅是非人性的，而且是鬼鬼祟祟的，它的卑劣震惊的不仅是高贵的骑士精神，而是整个时代文明。
21. However , he has been disowned not only by the state’s extant , if endangered , cadre of mainstream Republicans but even by some of the hard right .
A tardily
B resolutely
C spontaneously
D desperately
E credulously
答案： A
解析： however+形容词与后句形成转折关系。后句说他被自己的同志抛弃，如果没有however, 空格应为 “坚决”“无情”等，有了however, 空格应为“犹豫”，“舍不得”，“勉强”等，只有A 符合转折要求。
A tardily 迟缓地
B resolutely 坚定地
C spontaneously 自发地
D desperately 绝望地
E credulously 轻信地
翻译：无论多么迟缓犹豫，他已经被抛弃，不但被该国的现存的，尽管受到威胁的主流共和党的同志们抛弃，甚至被一些顽固的右派所抛弃。
22. Ironically , as the scientists reported in the May issue of Psychological Science , wearing counterfeit glasses fails to bolster our ego and self-image the way we hope , it actually our internal sense of authenticity .
A stimulates
B enhances
C undermines
D mars
E relieves
F mimics
答案： C D
解析：由 ironically 可知 wearing counterfeit 起到了矛盾反讽的效果。
A stimulates 刺激
B enhances 提高
C undermines 破坏
D mars 伤害
E relieves 释放
F mimics 模仿
翻译： 反讽的是，正如心理科学5月刊的科学家们所报告的，佩戴伪造的眼镜不能提升我们希望打造的自我形象，实际上，它会破坏我们内在的本真感。
23. To ensure that America remains an innovation hub , we need to ______more highly skilled college-educated graduates , particularly in the sciences , and to retrain existing workers to take on jobs in new sectors .
A churn out
B stop short of
C bail out
D refrain from
E ally with
答案：A
解析：由目的可以推测空格动作，由and 顺承关系也可推测出空格是retrain同义词。
A churn out 造出
B stop short of 停住
C bail out 解救
D refrain from 限制
E ally with 联合
翻译：为了确保美国继续成为创新的核心，我们需要培养出更多高技能的大学毕业生，尤其是在科学领域，并且训练现有的员工来从事新领域的工作。
24. The Brooklyn tornado was __________in that it occurred during an unusual time of day and season and in the midst of a regional drought .
A predictable
B lagged
C ferocious
D bizarre
E rare
答案： D
解析： 利用in that 因果关系解题
A predictable 可预测的
B lagged 滞后的
C ferocious 凶猛的
D bizarre 怪异的
E rare 罕见的
翻译：B 龙卷风很怪异，因为它发生在一个不寻常的季节，发生在地区性干旱的期间。
25. Considering familiar potential disasters such as an asteroid impact , environmental degradation, nuclear war and unstoppable pandemics , Rees thinks science and technology are creating both new opportunities and new _______ .
A validity
B chances
C prosperity
D improvements
E plagues
答案： E
解析： both A and B 提示空格与opportunities 可能同义，但整体句式要求与disasters 同义。
A validity 有效性
B chances 机会
C prosperity 繁荣
D improvements 提高
E plagues 灾难
翻译： 考虑熟悉的潜在威胁，例如，小行星撞击，环境恶化，核战争以及不可避免的传染病之外，R 认为科学和技术不但制造新的机会，而且制造新的威胁。
26. Many government ministers and governing party officials now have Live journal blogs , and they have become the targets of opposition leaders , __________ and the occasional disgruntled retiree .
A resigned working class
B cynical teenagers
C diligent entrepreneurs
D indifferent voters
E content wealthy
答案： B
解析： 空格处于A, B and C并列关系中，可知为opposition leaders 和disgruntled retiree同义词。
A resigned working class 听天由命的工人阶级
B cynical teenagers 愤世嫉俗的青少年
C diligent entrepreneurs 勤奋的企业家
D indifferent voters 漠不关心的选民
E content wealthy 心满意足的富人
翻译： 很多政府的部长们和执政党官员们现在都有及时更新的博客，他们已经成为反对党领导人，愤世嫉俗的青少年以及偶尔不满的退休人员的攻击目标。
27. Soon came the " hubris of toughness " : the belief , after the over-learned lesson of Munich and appeasement , that America had to contain the Soviet Union to fight communism all over the globe .
A however
B yet
C and
D since
E unless
答案： C
解析： 根据前后句义关系选择关联词语。
A however 然而
B yet 但是
C and 并且
D since 因为
E unless 除非
翻译： “傲慢的顽强”很快来临：这样一种信念，从慕尼黑和绥靖政策过分学到的教训，这就是，美国必须限制苏联，并且对抗全球的共产主义。
以上这几个例题大家可以划出句子主干，并尝试翻译。希望大家在备考时能够根据以上新GRE填空题练习有所突破。ETS在新GRE考试中通过填空对考生的语言运用、逻辑推理、以及分析能力进行综合考查，因此各位考生要认真备考。
京公网安备11010802021790号
